Тексты по теме «Экология & Экологические проблемы» для активизации лексики при подготовке к экзамену. Тексты даются в порядке по возрастанию сложности. Предварительно рекомендуется повторить английские слова по теме «Ecology. Ecological Problems».

Содержание:

  1. Text №1 «Help wild animals»
  2. Text №two «Climatic changes»
  3. Text №iii «Environmental issues» (for pre-intermediate)
  4. Text №4 «Greenish peace»
  5. Text №5 «Light-green fuel»
  6. Text №6 «Ecological bug»
  7. Text №7  «Protection of the environment in Russia»
  8. Text №viii «Environmental bug» (for upper-intermediate)
  9. Summary (Выводы)
  10. Questions

Texts on the topic «Ecologу. Ecological Issues»

Texts on the topic "Ecologу. Ecological Problems"

Text 1. Help Wild Animals

I think it is necessary to assist wild animals. Many of them are in danger at present. For example, pandas which live in the jungle and white bears which live in the Arctic.

White bears eat fish. If people pollute rivers and seas, animals dice.

All woods are home to animals and birds. It is of import to take care of them. If trees are damaged and flowers and grass are cut, birds and animals volition go instinct.

Each of us can do something to help nature. We must not frighten animals and birds. We must never break plants or baby trees.

At that place are a lot of means to help our planet. We must take care of it.

Questions:

  1. How does the growth of cities influence nature?
  2. How tin people help wild animals?

Text ii. Climatic Changes

Words:

  1. carbon dioxide — углекислый газ
  2. oxygen — кислород
  3. heat – тепло
  4. to go in — пропускать
  5. to become out — выпускать

Climate is a weather a sure identify has over a long catamenia of time. Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.

Only recently the climate has changed a lot, especially in Europe. Scientists think that the reason is greenhouse consequence. It is caused by carbon dioxide (углекислый газ). Carbon dioxide is produced when we burn things. Also people and animals exhale in oxygen and exhale out carbon dioxide. Every bit you know, trees have this gas from air and produce oxygen . Just in the last few years people have cutting down and burn big areas of rainforest. This means that in that location are fewer trees and more carbon dioxide.

This gas in the atmosphere works like drinking glass in a greenhouse. Information technology lets heat get in, but it doesn't permit much heat get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer.

Greenhouse effect is sometimes chosen global warming.

Questions:

  1. What is climate like?
  2. What exercise y'all know about greenhouse effect?
  3. What role does carbone dioxide play in the process of global warming?

Text 3. Environmental problems (for pre-intermediate)

Words:

  1. severely polluted — сильно загрязнены
  2. harmful substances  — вредные вещества

We are the caretakers of the earth. We know that polluted air, water and land are harmful to plants, animals and people. In Russia in that location a lot of regions which are severely polluted. It is plants that pollute our temper with tons of harmful substances. These are very unsafe wastes. They go into the air and are carried by winds for peachy distances.

lx% of the air pollution is caused by different means of transport: cars, trucks, buses.

Then nosotros must think that when we utilize aerosol sprays, we destroy the ozone layer which protects the World from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun.

The list of serious ecology problems can exist continued …..

Questions:

  1. What kinds of pollution tin you name?
  2. What is the main source of air pollution?
  3. What do you know about the ozone layer?

Text iv. Light-green Peace

Green Peace is an international ecology organization which fights against the pollution of the environment. It was founded in 1969 by a group of Canadian environmentalists. Members of Green Peace announced in the places where the environment is endangered. They ever act fast.

The world knows almost the Green Peace action to finish hunting whales or killing baby seals. They block the mode to the ships that endeavour to dump waste, and work hard to create a nuclear-free earth.

The action of Dark-green Peace often annoys governments, companies and people who don't intendance about the time to come of the world.

Green Peace has offices in many countries, including Russia. People, who can't take part in Green Peace deportment directly support this arrangement with coin.

Green Peace members are often chosen "greens". The "greens" are group of people whose aim is protection of natural things, eastward.thou. plants and animals.

Questions:

  1. How can we save the world's wild animals?
  2. What do y'all know near Green Peace?
  3. Would you like to join the organization?

Text 5. Dark-green Fuel

Words:

  1. fuel — топливо
  2. biotechnology [ˌbaɪəutek'nɔləʤɪ] – биотехнология
  3. environmentally friendly — экологически чистый
  4. to derive from– получать, извлекать
  5. emission – выделение
  6. to penetrate — завоевывать, проникать
  7. finite – ограниченный, исчерпаемый
  8. fossil – ископаемое

A new low-cost fuel is existence developed by a biotechnology company. It is chosen biobutanol and is expected to be the all-time environmentally friendly fuel for ship.

Butanol is derived from waste plant textile (biomass) and is an attractive replacement for petrol.

It reduces not only COtwo emissions but likewise our dependence on finite fossil fuels.

The United kingdom'due south Minister for Science said: "The evolution of biofuels is expected to play a major part in reducing transport emissions. Climate change is a huge global trouble. We believe the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland must put its all-time efforts towards developing the new technologies."

Questions:

  1. How tin can people salve nature resource?
  2. What is the most promising fuel of the future?
  3. Why is butanol environmentally-friendly?

Text half-dozen. Ecological Issues

Ecology is a science which studies the human relationship betwixt all forms of life on our planet and the environment.

Since ancient times Nature has served Man, giving him everything he needs: air to breathe, nutrient to eat, water to drink, wood for building and fuel for heating his dwelling house.  For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and information technology seemed to them that the resource of Nature had no stop or limit.

With the industrial revolution our negative influence on Nature began to increase.  Big cities with thousands of polluting plants and factories can exist constitute nowadays all over the earth. They pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the fields where our crops are grown. Big cities suffer from smog. Cars with their engines have become the main source of polluting in industrial countries.

Vast forests are cut down everywhere for the needs of industries. As a result many kinds of animals, birds, fish and plants are disappearing nowadays.

The pollution of the air and the world's oceans and the thinning the ozone layer are the other issues arising from men'southward careless mental attitude to ecology.

Active measures should be taken to relieve the life on our planet. There is an international organization called Greenpeace which is doing much to preserve the surround.

Questions to the text on ecological bug:

  1. Why are the wild animals in danger?
  2. What climatic changes are the most threatening?
  3. Is there any way to make our air cleaner
  4. What is Light-green Peace?
  5. What are the chief ecological problems?

Text 7. Protection of the Environment in Russia

There are many big and pocket-size rivers, green forests, loftier mountains, lakes and seas in Russia. There are a lot of industrial enterprises in our land, that's why we tin can't ignore the trouble of the protection of our environment. In Russia and former Soviet republics at that place are some areas where the environment is in poor state. Information technology is the Aral Sea, Lake Baikal and Chernobyl. Nosotros have to control atmospheric and water pollution, to study human'south influence on the climate.

The pollution of the environment influences the life of animals, plants and human being life. If nosotros don't utilize chemicals in a proper mode nosotros'll pollute our environs. Our plants and factories put their waste product materials into h2o and temper and pollute the environment. At that place are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that 's why we must pay attention to the protection of our nature and the wellness of the people.

Now radiations has become one of the primary problems. It is not good for health of people. Many people died from radiation some years ago in Chernobyl. It was a tragedy.

Another trouble is earthquakes. We know some terrible earthquakes in the world. Our scientists try to forecast earthquakes, and then we tin protect ourselves from them.

The people all over the world practise everything to protect nature, to make their land richer, to make their life happier. We need to haves laws and decisions on this important bailiwick.

Text 8. Ecology problems (for upper-intermediate)

Words:

  1. exceptionally – исключительно
  2. interference – вмешательство
  3. degree — степень
  4. involve – вовлекать
  5. industrial enterprises –промышленные предприятия
  6. in addition to – в добавление к
  7. present — представлять
  8. a threat – угроза
  9. a source – источник

The present environmental problems have become uncommonly urgent. If many years agone people lived in harmony with the environment, today their interference in the Nature has reached such a degree that it becomes dangerous for their lives.  And if the same tendencies remain for the adjacent years, our planet will presently become uninhabited. The ecological issues are not the problems of a single isolated land. They are global in character and involvdue east all countries in the world.  The ecological problems take much in common. The main problem is pollution. It is not a cloak-and-dagger that  every year more and more industrial enterprises are built.

And they have a very bad environmental consequence. They pollute the air we exhale, the water we drink and the land that grain and vegetables grow on.

In addition to air pollution people upset the oxygen rest of our planet considering people cut down forests and woods. One of the almost dangerous things is radiation. There is a greаt number of nuclear power stations. They take many advantages for the industry, only they nowadays a threat for the life.

Nature is a source of our life and destroying it we destroy ourselves. People forget that natural resources are non endless fifty-fifty though they seem unlimited. Nature has plenty resources for the present generation. Just their amount becomes less with every twelvemonth. To protect nature is a duty of all people.

Я надеюсь, что данные тексты по теме «Environmental. Ecological problems» помогут вам подготовиться к экзамену по английскому языку. Тексты взяты из разных источников.

Summary (Выводы:)

I.The main environmental problems are the source of the Human'due south action. They are h2o pollution, air pollution, land pollution and atmospheric change.

  • Water pollution, which is caused past plants & factories, by testing nuclear weapons, dumping industrial waste.

ПРИМЕР. Thousands of fish dice every year every bit a result of the illegal dumping of waste material.

  • Air pollution, which is caused both by buses and cars and also by plants and factories.

ПРИМЕР. Ane of the effects of air pollution is acid rain. It is damaging to water, forests and soil resources. It is blamed for disappearance of fish from many lakes, for the broad-spread death of forests in European mountains.

  • Land pollution, which is acquired by nuclear waste, dumps (свалки), dirty water, fertilizers, pesticides.

ПРИМЕР It is interesting to know that the main source of pollution are children under two years erstwhile, considering every 2d a "pampers" is dumped.

  • Atmospheric change which leads to climatic changes (because of the greenhouse effect), the increasing radiation from the lord's day (because the ozone layer is thinning).

Груды памперсов, скопились на Британских островах. Они не разлагаются в земле (процесс занимает около 100 лет) Чтобы бороться с этой проблемой, правительство стало доплачивать женщинам, которые пользуются обычными пеленками или бумажными подгузниками. Уже накопившиеся памперсы решили сжигать на специальных предприятиях. Ученые заверяют, что смогут уменьшить выбросы в атмосферу с помощью специальных очистных фильтров. Но стоит ли верить, что можно будет избежать загрязнения воздуха?


II.Nowadays there is a cracking risk of ecological disasters. It is nuclear pollution and leak of radiation.

  • Nuclear pollution (=radioactive contamination), which is caused by nuclear power stations if they get wrong. Such nuclear accident happened in Chernobyl. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear ability station suffered a fire, which causes radioactive contamination of a lot of regions. Equally a result many people died, those who had survived suffered terrible deceases till the cease of their life.
  • Leak of radiation as a result of improper nuclear-waste disposal (утечка радиации из-за неправильного захоронения ядерных отходов)

3. Destruction of wildlife & countryside beauty also takes identify . The primal problems are:

  • mass-tourism — массовый туризм
  • cutting downwardly forests — вырубка
  • poaching — браконьерство

People need wood for edifice furniture. Every day  they utilize newspaper and paper-thin, which is besides made from wood. But every mean solar day some species (kinds) of animals and plants disappear from the Earth. It'due south the outcome of the pollution air, land and water. Also some animals are hunted for the sake of fur, ivory, horns or tusks. More than than that, cutting down trees people have turned the areas of thick forest into deserts. The animals simply have no identify to live as their habitats are destroyed.

Questions on the topic «Ecological problems»

  1. What can mutual people do to protect nature (to cease pollution)? / What measures should be taken to protect nature?
  2. What can you personally do to assist nature?
  3. Why is it unsafe to pollute land?
  4. What tin can pollution of air and water atomic number 82 to?
  5. What can you say about global warming?
  6. What do you lot know nearly Dark-green Peace?
  7. Why are the nuclear power stations and then unsafe for people? What practice you know about Chernobyl?
  8. Why are forests important for life on the Earth?
  9. What are the master ecological problems nowadays?
  10. What must people practise to protect wild fauna?
  11. Practice you recollect that life was improve in the past (the air was cleaner, the water was purer)?
  12. What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the aforementioned?
  13. What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?
  14. What is the dramatic event of cutting downwardly forests and forest?
  15. What would you propose to attract people to the problems of pollution and ecology?
  16. What can you say about the present ecological situation? Is the problem of environmental protection urgent today?
  17. What does nature requite to man?
  18. How is the trouble solved today?
  19. Is acid rain damaging to nature?
  20. What exercise you know nearly radioactive contamination of surround?
  21. Why do some species of animals and plants disappear from the World?
  22. What cause the "greenhouse effect"?
  23. Has anything been done to solve ecological problems?
  24. What does the ozone layer protect the World from?
  25. Where does the carbon dioxide come from?

ОТВЕТЫ:

1. What can common people do to protect nature?

  • to terminate pollution ( use filters, recycle waste, develop new technologies)
  • to save natural resources
  • to take intendance of nature ( not to cut down forests, etc.)

People must do something! For example, to protect h2o people make special filters and air purifiers. People must collect waste product properly so information technology does not go into water or land and too recycle. There is a good formula of RRR. It is Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

Only I recollect the best solution is to develop technologies which produce no waste. In that location are also some alternatives to cleaners and pesticides, soda, for instance. Also solar free energy  can be used instead of fossil fuels (ископаемое топливо).

People also should not cut down forests and other plants. To protect animals they must organize National parks and Wild fauna reservations.

Nuclear bombs testing must be stopped to prevent radioactive contamination of the atmosphere.

ii. What tin can you personally practice to assistance nature?

To protect nature people should change their attitude to it. Human should stop taking everything he needs. Information technology is good that at last people start to realize that they should keep air and water make clean. Efforts are made to reduce pollution from automobile engines. What can we common people exercise? I think the first and the simplest affair is to continue our environment clean, clear away the rubbish after yourselves, exist careful with the fire.  The other thing that nosotros should cultivate a sense of duty in our children, in our youth to have intendance of our nature, our planet.

We can reduce the usage of electricity and drinking water. For instance, when yous clean your teeth and let the water run, you lot lose two or three liters of water. Now multiply 3 liters past the number of people in our urban center and you will see that it is a lot. Only we can stop information technology if we switch off the h2o. We can reduce the usage of packing and buying things in plastic packs. It is important because information technology is very difficult to recycle plastic. If nosotros reuse plastic numberless, the factories will produce less of them and volition harm Nature less.

In short: I tin can reduce the usage of gas, electricity and water. I can reuse many things (apparel, for instance), paper, bottles.

 3. Why i s information technology dangerous to pollute land?

We eat plants, but if the land is polluted, the plants become poisonous. If we eat them, we ruin our health. The same is with h2o.

four. What tin can pollution of air and h2o lead to?

four. What can you say about global warming?

Over the past two decades the temperature of the Earth'southward atmosphere has gradually increased. Global warming is one of the climatic furnishings of polluted air. Information technology worries a lot of people. If the temperature rises, the Arctic ice volition melt and cover the land.

v. What do yous know almost Dark-green Peace?

Dark-green Peace organizes campaigns to protect Nature. Come across Text №iv

6. Why are the nuclear power stations so dangerous for people? What do y'all know well-nigh Chernobyl?

Nuclear power stations can went wrong and cause the radioactive contamination of the environs. Anybody remembers Chernobyl's disaster. There was a nuclear accident in 1986. Many people died from radiation at that place. Those who had survived suffered from terrible deceases for the rest of their lives.

7. Why are forests important for life on the Earth?

They produce oxygen and give dwelling for wild animals.

8. What are the chief ecological problems nowadays?

See the summary.

ix. What must people do to protect wild animals?

To protect animals they must organize National parks and Wild life reservations.

x. D o you recollect that life was amend in the past (the air was cleaner, the water was purer)?

eleven. What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the same?

The ecological rest of our planet will be broken. If pollution and contamination of land, water and air continues the impairment acquired by this to nature may become irreversible. If people carry on like this, the world will somewhen run out of energy, fresh air and clean water. It can bring to the extermination of the people, and turning the whole planet into either a desert or the North Pole. People couldn't walk without special masks and had to purchase air to breathe. It would exist a disaster.

13. What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?

14. What is the dramatic result of cutting down forests and wood?

15. What would you propose to attract people to the bug of pollution and environmental?

sixteen. What can you say most the present ecological situation? Is the problem of environmental protection urgent today?

Yeah, the problem of protection the nature is of primary importance today. Through their daily activities people pollute and contaminate land, water and air. If it continues the damage may become irreversible. People accept always polluted their environment. Just it was not a serious problem as long as at that place was plenty space for people to live. Nowadays with the rise of avant-garde engineering science, the rapid spread of industrialization and the increase of human being populations pollution has become a universal trouble. The price for rapid industrial development is very loftier: natural resources are exhausted, the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed.

17. What does nature give to homo?

See text №6.

 18. How is the problem solved today?

There are some anti-pollution organizations. The most famous of them is Green peace.

The mass media often campaign against dissimilar acts of polluting nature. Numerous anti-pollution acts are passed in different countries.

19. Is acid rain damaging to nature?

One of the effects of air pollution is acrid rain. Information technology is dissentious to water, forests and soil resources. Information technology is blamed for disappearance of fish from many lakes, for the wide-spread decease of forests in European mountains.

xx. What practise yous know about radioactive contamination of environment?

Radioactive materials from nuclear weapons could cause serious damage to environs.

Some other business is accidents at nuclear ability plants. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power plant almost Kiev suffered a fire, resulting in a major release of radioactive particles.

21. Why exercise some species of animals and plants disappear from the Earth?

The disappearance of some species is the issue of the pollution air, land and h2o. City and industrial waters, chemicals and fertilizers endanger fish in the lakes, rivers and ponds. Moreover some animals were exterminated (истреблены) considering of people greediness.

These animals were hunted for the sake of  fur, ivory, horns or tusks. Besides cut downwardly copse people have turned the areas of thick wood into deserts. The animals only have no identify to live.

22. What crusade the "greenhouse upshot"?

The "greenhouse effect" is caused by carbon dioxide, which prevents heat from escaping. Global warming or the "greenhouse effect" can cause melting of the polar ice, raising of the bounding main level and flooding of the coast areas of the world.

23. Has anything been done to solve ecological problems?

In recent years people have understood the necessity of protecting natural resource and wildlife. It becomes clear that to keep air and h2o clean, strict pollution control is necessary. Numerous pollution acts passed in dissimilar countries. This led to considerable improvements. In many countries measures accept been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil contamination, purifying systems for industrial water take been installed. Reservations and national parks for wild fauna and undisturbed nature are being developed in some parts of the world.

24. What does the ozone layer protect the World from?

It protects the Earth from space radiation. It is being destroyed because through many procedure  poisonous gases are thrown out into the air.

25. Where does the carbon dioxide come from?

  • We produce it when we burn down things.
  • People and animals breathe in oxygen and exhale out carbon dioxide.
  • Trees take this gas from air and produce oxygen. Only in the terminal few years people have cut down and burn down large areas of rainforest. This means that there are fewer trees and more than carbon dioxide.